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mx id: 556 | OBO id: HAO:0000191 | URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000191
cercus synonyms: acrocercus, appendix genitalis, forceps, larval pygopod, penicillus, pygopod, pygostyle, pygostylus, socius
Defined (both definition and relationships must be met)
Definition:
The sense organ that located apicolaterally on one of the apicalmost abdominal terga and attaches to a large nerve cord.
written by: Miko, I., M. Bertone, M. Yoder, A. Deans, S. Katja, N. Johnson, S. Brady, P. Ward, F. Ronquist, E. Talamas, L. Krogmann, L. Vilhelmsen, C. Rasmussen, G. Broad, A. Lucky, and B. G. 2010. HAO/Biosync working meeting II..

Relationships / properties:
The cercus is a sense organ.
The cercus is part of the body. The cercus is part of the metasoma.

Figures
Pimpla aequalis
Psilocharis afra Heraty, 1994
Macroxyela ferruginea Say, 1824
Macroxyela ferruginea Say, 1824
Macroxyela ferruginea Say, 1824
Macroxyela ferruginea Say, 1824
Ceraphronidae
Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858
Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858
Megaspilidae
Opius dissitus Muesebeck
Biosteres carbonarius
Opius dissitus Muesebeck
Opius dissitus Muesebeck
Opius dissitus Muesebeck
Biosteres carbonarius

Label usage (sensu)
cercus by Smith, E. L. 1970. Evolutionary morphology of external insect genitalia 2 Hymenoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1-27.
larval pygopod by Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
socius by Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
penicillus by Wheeler, W. M. 1910. Ants, their structure, development and behaviour Ants Columbia Biological Series number 9. Columbia Press, New York 663 pp.
socius by Oeser, R. 1961. Vergleichend-morphologische Untersuchungen über den Ovipositor der Hymenopteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 37:3-119.
pygostyle by Smith, E. L. 1970. Evolutionary morphology of external insect genitalia 2 Hymenoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1-27.
socius by Curators, H. A. O. 2009. The Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Curation Team. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
larval pygopod by Smith, E. L. 1970. Evolutionary morphology of external insect genitalia 2 Hymenoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1-27.
cercus by Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms ..
pygostylus by Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms ..
penicillus by Curators, H. A. O. 2009. The Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Curation Team. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
cercus by Miko, I. 2009. -2019 Curator. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
cercus by Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius, with a Discussion of Terminology and Morphological Variation in Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS ONE 7:1-38.
cercus by Smith, J. B. 1906. Explanation of terms used in Entomology. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society:154.
pygopod by Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
forceps by Zombori, L., and H. Steinmann. 1999. Dictionary of Insect Morphology. Handbuch der Zoologie 4:1-404.
appendix genitalis by Zombori, L., and H. Steinmann. 1999. Dictionary of Insect Morphology. Handbuch der Zoologie 4:1-404.
acrocercus by Zombori, L., and H. Steinmann. 1999. Dictionary of Insect Morphology. Handbuch der Zoologie 4:1-404.
Comments and tags
comment added over 13 years ago by Katja Seltmann
We cannot make a more precise definition because cercus was used for different anatomical structures (locating on different abdominal segments) across Hymenoptera.
  Reference: None provided.
  Cross reference: None provided.

alternative definition added about 14 years ago by Istvan Miko
Paired sensory structures on the last or second last metasomal tergite; the cercus is sometimes a setose finger-like projection that articulates with the tergum, but more often it looks like a low tubercle or plate-like structure that bears several long setae (see cercal plate); sometimes called the pygostylus.
  Reference: Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms ..
  Cross reference: None provided.

alternative definition added over 12 years ago by Kelly Dew
The appendage that is located apicolaterally on one of the apicalmost abdominal terga.
  Reference: Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius, with a Discussion of Terminology and Morphological Variation in Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS ONE 7:1-38.
  Cross reference: None provided.

alternative definition added about 14 years ago by Istvan Miko
Appendages of composite abdominal somites.
  Reference: Smith, E. L. 1969. Evolutionary morphology of external insect genitalia 1 Origin and relationships to other appendages. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 62:1051-1079.
  Cross reference: None provided.


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